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Newsletter 68 (May 2000) ISSN 1363-6553Submit information to the newsletter Editorial AEA Newsletter on the Web Change of Address Professor Dimbleby News from the Committee Teaching of Env. Arch. In Higher Education Conferences & Meetings Conference Reviews Adverts & Announcements Bibliographic Review of Two Journals Publications |
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Copy dates for Newsletter: 20th of the following months - January / April / July / October Edited by Wendy Carruthers and Vanessa Straker Items for the Newsletter may be submitted on 3.5" floppy disks in IBM-PC format as WordPerfect, Word or ASCII files, Fax or e-mail. Items in typescript or neat manuscript should be sent to Wendy Carruthers (e-mail addresses: wendy.carruthers@virgin.net; V.Straker@Bristol.ac.uk; FAX: 0117 928 7878) V. Straker, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol,
University Rd., BRISTOL, BS8 1SS. AEA Membership Secretary: Becky Nicholson, Department of Archaeological
Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, U.K. e-mail: r.a.nicholson@bradford.ac.uk
EDITORIAL In addition to the usual wide range of information, this bumper issue
of the Newsletter contains reviews of the Guildford Conference and a
bibliographic review of two agricultural journals. Please note the item
below about making the Newsletter available on the AEA website - we
would like your views on this, please, to help the Committee to decide
the best way forward. AEA NEWSLETTER ON THE WEB - YOUR VIEWS PLEASE... At the AGM in Guildford it was announced that the AEA website is going to be upgraded. A wide range of information about the AEA and some backcopies of the Newsletter are due to be added to the website. In addition, discussions are underway as to whether the current issue of the Newsletter should be included. At Guildford we asked for a show of hands to see how many members would be interested in receiving their quarterly Newsletter in this form, and found that a large majority were in favour. Obviously, we would still be sending out paper copies to members that wanted to continue to receive them by post, but the more members that could download it from the website the better, as this could save the AEA a considerable amount of money in printing and postage costs. This subject is still under discussion and we would be very interested to hear your views and suggestions. Please send them to one of the addresses above by the 23rd June so that we can discuss them at the next Committee Meeting. Newsletter Editors, Wendy Carruthers & Vanessa Straker CHANGE OF ADDRESS Alison Locker - In addition to the Monaco address given in the last
Newsletter: PROFESSOR GEOFFREY WILLIAM DIMBLEBY (1917-2000) AEA members will be very sad to hear that, after a short illness, Geoff Dimbleby died on Saturday, 8th April. This was just before the Annual AEA conference at Guildford, and everyone who attended agreed that it would be appropriate to dedicate the conference proceedings to Geoff. This is most fitting since he was one of the founder members of the Association and, indeed, although trained primarily as a botanist and forester, he was one of the first to pioneer the discipline of environmental archaeology. He applied his extensive palynological, ecological, and pedological knowledge to the study of past human environments. Indeed, in the face of considerable opposition from more conventional workers, he championed soil palynology as a standard technique in archaeology. The service of thanksgiving for Geoff's life was held at Trinity United Reformed Church, St. Albans on 17th April. The congregation was large, and many of Geoff's personal friends and colleagues attended. I was also there and could not help thinking of the happy times I spent with him in recent years, chatting about plants, soils, pollen, and religion over tea and cake, and lots of laughs. Bruce Proudfoot read an address and outlined Geoff's life and achievements and this will preface the AEA conference volume. Those who are familiar with Geoff's work will feel sad at his passing, and those of us who knew him will feel it more keenly. Patricia Wiltshire
NEWS FROM THE COMMITTEE SUMMARY OF THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, 14th April 2000 COMMITTEE UPDATE At the recent Annual General Meeting of the Association for Environmental Archaeology in Guildford, three new committee members and a new chairman were elected. Since no candidates were put forward for secretary, members voted that Wendy Smith could fill the position of Secretary for the remaining year of her elected term to the AEA Managing Committee. The current AEA Managing Committee includes: ELECTED COMMITTEE MEMBERS
At the AGM the committee reported that we are now up to date on conference and journal publications. This year we hope to see the publication of the Bradford and Newcastle volumes, as well as volume 5 of our journal, Environmental Archaeology. The current committee would like to thank Don Brothwell (our former chairman) and Lisa Moffett (our former secretary) for all their hard work over the last few years. Under the management of Don Brothwell and Lisa Moffett and, in particular, with the assistance of Glynis Jones (Journal Editor) and Carol Palmer (Conference Officer), the committee has addressed the backlog in conference publications and journal publications, as well as undertaken to re-launch our in-house journal by replacing Circaea with Environmental Archaeology: The Journal of Human Palaeoecology. Over this next year, the committee will focus on updating our web site and will explore the possibility of publishing our newsletter electronically. TREASURER'S REPORT The full accounts for the AEA were published in Newsletter 67 (February 2000). Rupert Housley reported that having caught up with our publication backlog, we have depleted the surplus funds of the AEA. JOURNAL UPDATE The committee have taken the decision that we will not go over to two issues per year until we are confident of sufficient copy. At present we have more than enough copy to ensure one good-sized, high quality issue per year, but we would need to see an increase in submissions (or the success rate of submissions) to ensure we have enough papers for two issues per year. NOTIFICATION OF SUBSCRIPTION INCREASE Due to postage increases and the cost of production for the journal and newsletter, the committee asked AEA members to vote on an increase in membership fees at the AGM. For 2001, membership to the AEA will cost £20 for ordinary members and £12 for student members. Overseas ordinary members will be asked to pay an additional £4 to cover the added expense of postage and packaging overseas. At the AGM the committee was asked investigate whether it is possible to waive the postage fee for overseas students. We will report back on our decision on this point later this year. REVISIONS TO THE AEA CONSTITUTION The committee has updated the constitution of the AEA to reflect the changes in the workings of the management committee and the change of timing for our main annual conference, from autumn to spring. The proposed revisions were presented in Newsletter 65 (August 1999) for comment from members and circulated at the Annual General Meeting. Those attending the AGM voted to approve the new constitution, which is as follows: AEA CONSTITUTION 1. The name of the Association shall be the Association for Environmental Archaeology. 2. The object of the Association is the advancement of the study of human interaction with the environment in the past through archaeology and related disciplines. In furtherance of this object, but not otherwise, the Association shall have the powers to hold meetings, to publish volumes of collected papers and to do all such other things as will further the objects of the Association. 3. Membership of the Association shall be open to all those actively involved in the study of human interaction with the environment in the past through archaeology and related disciplines. 4. The first annual subscription shall be paid by Members on joining the Association and thereafter on 1 January each year. 5. An Annual General Meeting will normally be held in March or April (or on such a date that is agreed by the Managing Committee and the Conference organisers). The agenda for the meeting shall be distributed to Members in the last newsletter published before the Annual General Meeting. 6. A Special General Meeting may be called at any time by the Managing Committee or by any ten members of the Association on application to the Managing Committee. Not less than thirty days notice of the date and purpose of such a meeting shall be given to the Members and no business shall be considered at such a meeting other than that for which it was convened. 7. At Annual General Meetings and Special General Meetings twenty members shall form a quorum. 8. Each member of the Association who is present at a General Meeting shall have one vote. A Member who cannot be present at a Meeting may appoint another Member to vote for them; a signed statement appointing a proxy must be given to a Committee member before the General meeting to which it applies, and must be renewed for any further meetings. 9. The amount of the annual subscription can only be changed by vote of the membership. 10. The affairs of the Association shall be handled by a Management Committee which shall include nine ordinary elected members and an elected Chair and Secretary. 11. Three ordinary members of the Managing Committee shall be elected at each Annual General Meeting. Candidates for election must be Members of the Association and can be nominated by any Member of the Association. Nominations must be submitted to a member of the Managing Committee not later than the beginning of the Annual General Meeting. Elected members of the Managing Committee will normally serve until the third Annual General Meeting after the one at which they were elected and may not immediately stand for re-election, with the exception as given in clause 12. 12. The Chair and Secretary shall be elected at the Annual General Meeting from the membership. Candidates for election must be members of the Association, and can be nominated by any member of the Association. Nominations must be given to a member of the Managing Committee no later than the beginning of the AGM. The Chair and Secretary will normally serve until the third Annual General Meeting after the one at which they were elected. An outgoing ordinary committee member may be elected as Secretary or Chair. 13. The Managing Committee may co-opt up to six members who may serve as treasurer, membership secretary, a representative of the journal editorship and a representative of the editorship of the Newsletter until such time as they resign or are replaced by the Managing Committee. The Committee will review co-opted members annually, normally at the AGM or the first meeting after. 14. The Managing Committee shall have the power to co-opt to fill any vacancies that may arise in the Managing Committee until the next Annual General Meeting. 15. At meetings of the Managing Committee six members, of whom at least two must be elected members, shall form a quorum. 16. The Managing Committee shall receive and keep account of all monies of the Association. They shall produce accounts for each year ending 31 December, and submit these to the next Annual General Meeting. All monies received for the Association shall be paid into such banks as the Managing Committee shall appoint. 17. The Managing Committee shall have the power to nominate to Honorary Membership of the Association such persons as they consider to have made a major contribution towards the aims of the Association. Honorary Members shall enjoy all rights of Membership without payment of any membership subscription. 18. The Association shall not be dissolved except at a Special General Meeting called for that purpose. The motion for the dissolution must be agreed by at least two thirds of the Members present and by at least half of the total Membership. 19. In the event of dissolution the funds and other properties of the Association, after payment of all other debts and liabilities, shall not be distributed among the Members of the Association but shall be given or transferred to any such charitable institution having similar objects to those of the Association as the Managing Committee, with the approval of the Special General Meeting, shall determine. 20. Any proposal for an amendment to this constitution must be submitted to a General Meeting. The text of the amendment shall be circulated with the notice convening the meeting. Any such amendment must be agreed by at least two thirds of the members present. AEA BOOKS A full and up-to-date list of titles appears on the web page at A list of books was also given in the last Newsletter, to which we've
recently added these two titles: Huntley, J.P. and Stallibrass, S. 2000. Taphonomy and interpretation. Symposia of the AEA 14. Oxford: Oxbow. £20.00 We now have more copies of Bartosiewicz, L., Van Neer, W. and Lentacker, A. (eds.). 1997. Draught Cattle: their osteological identification and history. Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Tervuren, België, Annalen Zoölogische Wetenschappen/Annales Sciences Zoologiques, Musée Royale de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. about £12.00 For more details contact: Allan Hall, EAU, Dept. of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York, YO10 5YW. Tel: +44 (0)1904 433 851. Fax: +44 (0)1904 433 850. e-mail: biol8@york.ac.uk
TEACHING OF ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY IN HIGHER EDUCATION The forthcoming Teaching Quality Assessment for Archaeology will take place against the background of the formation of a professional body for all those practising as teachers in Higher Education. The "Institute for Learning and Teaching in Higher Education" (ILTHE) is intended to police standards of teaching in Higher Education and to promote "best practise". Many of the details of the functioning of the Institute are still to be decided but the formation of professional body clearly has major implications for the way in which all teaching in higher education is undertaken and validated. In the case of the Teaching Quality Assessment the AEA did make representations to the Review Panel on the terms of reference or "benchmarking" document which (along with the screams of outraged environmental archaeology teachers everywhere) seems to have had some impact on the form of words used. The impact of the ILTHE is obviously unknown while the results of the Teaching Quality assessment lie many months in the future. In both cases matters are, for a time, out of our hands. During the interregnum the opportunity will be taken to review, in the light of changed circumstances, the role and function of the informal position of education officer, which was created as a co-opted committee post in 1996. While this is underway I will be standing down as a co-opted member of the AEA committee (a) to give me a rest (!) and (b) to allow the elected members the chance to focus on the core aims of the association. Members with views on the role of the education officer should contact me the address below. In the meantime I will, however, continue to deal with education matters for the AEA. My most pressing task is to develop the teaching website to the point where it can be given a public release. Contributions to the teaching website either in the form of text, diagrams, illustrations or links to your own web pages are urgently sought and very welcome. These contributions can be very short (e.g. 500 words on your favourite method plus key references). It is a matter of regret that many areas of environmental archaeology are only represented by the infamous "page under construction" logo! For more information please go to << http://www.arcl.ed.ac.uk/aea/index.html >> and "ask not what it can do for you but what you can do for it..." Contributions to the website or comments on the role of an AEA education officer should be sent to me at <<gcoles@hsy1.ssc.ed.ac.uk>> or via snail mail: Geraint Coles, Department of Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, The Old High School, Infirmary Street, Edinburgh. EH1 1LT. Geraint Coles.
CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS SBA MEETING The Science-Based Archaeology Community meeting will be held on Friday, June 2nd, at the Geological Society in London. The meeting marks the official launch of the 'Strategy for Science-Based Archaeology'. Discussion will include the position of SBA within NERC, and existing and potential thematic programmes of SBA interest. Details are available on the SBA newsletter website at http://www.nerc.ac.uk/es/sbanews/htm. To attend email Deidre Caden at deca@nerc.ac.uk with your contact details by Friday 19th May.
ARCHAEOBOTANY WORKGROUP MEETING - York, 12th July 2000 The date for this informal meeting is now set for Wednesday 12th July. Interest has been shown in a session on moss identification, and I hope we can also spend some time looking at participants' 'unknowns', but it seems a pity not to have a field visit too, and for this I suggest we go to Askham Bog, a piece of relict wetland only a few kilometres from the city centre, and within easy reach of the University Campus (provided we have enough transport, i.e. participant's cars!). I am (perhaps rashly) assuming we can fit all this into one day, and am also assuming that the laboratory facilities I have in mind to use are available (major rebuilding works in the Biology Department are likely to be in progress by mid July!). If the laboratory session proves too difficult to arrange, we could perhaps spend most of the day in the field. There is no cost for attending the meeting, and light refreshments should be available at the EAU, but participants will have to make their own provision for lunch (possibly in the field) Would those who are interested in attending the workgroup meeting please let me know by 7th June, at which point I should have formalised arrangements. Please note that I shall be out of the country from 9th-26th June and will not be able to deal with any enquiries in that period. Allan Hall, Environmental Archaeology Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, 01904 433851 (fax 433850, answerphone 433846), email: biol8@york.ac.uk
FUNGAL REMAINS (AND OTHER MICROFOSSILS) IN QUATERNARY
PALAEOECOLOGY Fungal remains are often present in Quaternary deposits, but have received less attention than most potential environmental indicators. The aim of this meeting is to bring together researchers from a variety of fields in order to advance the use of fungal and other microfossils in Quaternary palaeoecology. A series of invited speakers will address the background to fungal spore production and liberation, recent uses of fungal spores in palaeoecology, and methodological aspects. Open paper sessions will then be available for the dissemination of original research or reviews, including preliminary or speculative work. Areas of discussion will include:
J.J. Blackford and J.B. Innes, Department of Geography, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, E1 4NS. email: J.J.Blackford@qmw.ac.uk or J.B.Innes@qmw.ac.uk and If you would like to give a paper or attend the conference, or would like to be added to the mailing list, please contact J.J.Blackford or J.B.Innes as above. A limited fund is available to help those without other means of support attend the meeting.
JOINT AEA/CENTRE FOR PALAEOECOLOGY MEETING The proposed one-day joint meeting in York of the AEA and the Centre for Palaeoecology, University of York, is fixed for Wednesday October 25th 2000. Offers of short (10-15 min) contributions on any subject will be welcome, but a further announcement about the meeting, a final call for contributions, and a booking form will be included in the August newsletter.
THE ALLUVIAL ARCHAEOLOGY OF NORTH-WEST EUROPE
AND THE MEDITERRANEAN The conference 'Archaeology under Alluvium' held at the British Museum in 1991 had a major influence in highlighting the wealth of archaeological resources in alluvial settings. It brought together multidisciplinary teams of archaeologists, geomorphologists and palaeobiologists from both the pure and applied research communities, and significantly contributed to the development of a research agenda for the last decade of the Twentieth Century. Ten years on, and with the dawning of a new millennium, it is timely to re-evaluate the state of development of alluvial archaeology and to provide a review on which to base a research agenda for the 21st Century. Papers are sought for this two-day conference primarily focused on NW Europe and the Mediterranean, although the convenors would also welcome a number of contributions with global perspectives. Papers will be incorporated within a special publication. Abstracts for papers are invited based around the following research themes and should be submitted to the convenors by 31st August 2000.
Further details (including registration) can be obtained from: Dr Andy J. Howard, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT (email: a.howard@geog.leeds.ac.uk); Dr Dave G. Passmore, Department of Geography, Daysh Building, the University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU (email: D.G.Passmore@newcastle.ac.uk) Professor Mark G. Macklin, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Ceredigidion, SY23 3DB (email: mvm@aber.ac.uk). Visit the conference website at: http://www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/conferences/alluvial/
AEA & NABO - Association for Environmental
Archaeology & North Atlantic Biocultural Organisation Announcement and First Call for Papers The North Atlantic is both a barrier and routeway that separates and connects human populations in lands bordering the ocean. Maritime communications have played a vital role in shaping both human cultures and the biography of the region. The aim of this meeting is to explore the diversity of connections and adaptations in the North Atlantic Realm. Key issues to be addressed include:
Intending contributors should submit a title and brief abstract by the 1st December 2000, preferably by email to either of the organisers. Dr Rupert Housley, Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, Gregory Building, Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow. G12 8QQ - email: r.housley@archaeology.gla.ac.uk Dr Geraint Coles, Department of Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, The Old High School, Infirmary Street, Edinburgh. EH1 1LT - email: gcoles@hsy1.ssc.ed.ac.uk
ICAZ BIRD WORKING GROUP MEETING - CALL FOR PAPERS The 4th Bird Working Group Meeting will be held in Krakow, Poland, September 12-15, 2001. The conference will be concerned with all aspects of bird remains in archaeology: the exploitation of wild and domestic birds, changes in bird distributions in the prehistoric period, problems of identification, bone survival and depictions of birds in ancient arts. Papers and posters are invited. Interested participants are asked to contact the organisers to be put on the mailing list: Zbigniew M. Bochenski, Details and online registration form can be found at: http://www.isez.pan.krakow.pl
CONFERENCE REVIEWS By a happy accident we have ended up with two reviews of the Guildford Conference. We are pleased to include both contributions, as this gives up the opportunity to see the Conference from two different viewpoints. A REVIEW OF "THE ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY OF INDUSTRY" This was a conference worth waiting for. Much of the success of this conference resulted from the fact that it considered an issue of interest not only to environmental archaeologists but also to a wider audience. Industry in all of its aspects is perhaps one of the most immediate and accessible aspects of our results for the "outsider" to grasp. Perhaps the immediacy of this subject is best illustrated by the fact that there were no less than six palaeoentomologists at this conference. One of the main talking points at the conference was speculation as to the collective noun for such a group. The favourite seemed to be "an infestation". (If we include the paper given by Mark Robinson in absentia I personally favour "the magnificent seven"). The papers given can roughly be divided into three groups: primary extraction and provision of raw materials, processing and production of finished goods and the effects of industry on the surrounding environment and the human population. A theme that linked all papers was the detection of industry itself. Primary extraction was covered in a number of papers, such as those given by Geraint Coles, Pete Marshall, Tony Brown and Tim Mighall, concerning the detection and archaeology of ancient mining through palynology and geoarchaeological approaches. Interestingly non-ferrous metals featured highly. I am sure that it is a frequently stressed point, but all of these papers made it clear that that it is often easier to detect and date prehistoric mining through the use of environmental indicators than the archaeology of the mine sites themselves. A particularly elegant paper by Tim Mighall also raised the issue of the decision process that might determine which ore is extracted. In his case copper ore seems to have been concentrated upon in the Bronze Age mines at Copa Hill, Mid Wales despite the presence of more easily obtainable and abundant lead and silver deposits. Rowena Gale, Jane Cowgill and Richard Darrah all discussed the provision of wood for fuel and, in the latter's case for timber. Again the issues of selection, human choice and the effects of production on the surrounding environment were discussed. Wendy Smith reminded us of the fact that "wood is not the only fuel". One "processing" industry that featured prominently throughout the two days of the conference was tanning. This was the subject of papers by both Umberto Alberella and Anton Ervynck. The latter paper was perhaps the highlight of the conference as it not only provided slides of the outstanding archaeology at the tanning site, but also the well-preserved tanned scraps left from over 30 cattle. The discussion of castration scars caused a quick crossing of legs by many males in the audience. Allan Hall and Harry Kenward's paper raised the possibility of their being a "biological indicator group" of both plant remains and insects for tanning activity. At this point the metaphorical antenna of the "infestation" started to wave in unison. Though the impact of industry on the surrounding environment (particularly the possibility of chemical, noise and olfactory pollution) was addressed in many papers, but its affects on the health of human populations was implicitly discussed only by two speakers. These were papers by Mary Lewis and Tony Waldron (in the latter case it must be said it is amazing what the plastic surgeon can achieve these days). Both papers clearly indicated that detecting the affects of the presence of industry through raised levels of infant mortality and "indicators of occupational disease" may not be as straightforward as perhaps was initially assumed. However, attending a conference at Guildford can leave the visitor with one clear example of an "occupational disease". Almost everyone present had stubbed their big toe on the doorstop sensibly positioned beside the sink in the rooms. The third day of the conference consisted of the field trip to the
Wealden and Downland Museum and Fishbourne Roman Villa. This is of course
traditionally the point at which I become cryptic and make various in-jokes.
And so as to not disappoint, the highlights were the piglet confusion,
discovering old friends in the potting shed, and the lesson in coach
redecoration. The papers of this conference addressed many useful issues for those
of us currently working on archaeological projects that relate to ancient
industrial activities. Peter Murphy and Patricia Wiltshire will
edit the conference volume and have also announced that they will dedicate
the volume to Geoffrey Dimbleby. AEA CONFERENCE REPORT The late running 1999 AEA Conference finally arrived in Guildford at 2000 -- appropriate really since the theme of the conference was the environmental archaeology of industry -- probably something to do with leaves on the line or the wrong kind of snow... The new timetable did, however, seem to suit the passengers, as a healthy
audience was to be found on the platform as Frank Chambers opened proceedings
with a witty commentary on why environmental archaeologists seem to
ignore the biggest environmental impact since the Devensian Glacial
Maximum. Only then to demonstrate that, while we may not recognise
the impacts, they are certainly present and that environmental archaeologists
should be seeking better tools to understand and interpret what we already
have (as Holmes would say "you see Watson, but you do not observe"
). After a lunch the conference moved forward to examining the supply of fuel to industries and the impact that this had upon the landscape. Gale and Cowgill examined how the acquisition of charcoal would have impacted on woodlands -- the first from the point of the woodlands the second from the point of determining the level of demand which might be expected from the Romano-British Iron Industry. Whitehouse considered the history of peat extraction and Smith, the problems of supplying an industrial site in a desert with fuel. Informative debate on the scale of impact and the range of fuels used in industrial processes followed. Re-fuelling with tea led us to consider the uses of Biological raw materials. Particular attention was paid to the interrelated tanning and horn trades with evidence being presented by Ervynck and Albarella; the latter clearly upset by the mystery of the missing goats -- unfortunately no one was able to provide a pithy solution to this problem and it is clearly an issue which will tax our deductive powers for some time to come. Hamilton-Dyer looked at shell selection and, first thing on Saturday, Darrah at the ways in which timber availability and technology may have interacted to dictate the selection of particular sections of timber for particular purposes. The AGM (reported elsewhere) was followed by a wine reception and the conference dinner. Vigorous discussion then continued in the bar although by the end of the evening we were reduced to deciding that the correct collective noun for a group of insect specialists is "an infestation". Saturday dawned on a grey sky of "soot and clay" and after a warming breakfast attention turned to proxy indicators of industry in particular the use of various forms of chemical, soil, plant macrofossil and insect evidence which might be used to determine the presence of particular industrial activities. Macphail suggested some micromorphological features that may be indicative of industry, while at the macroscale, Shiel gave us an insight into the development of better tools for the mapping of palaeoenvironmental and archaeological evidence at the landscape which had obvious implications for sampling strategy. Hall and Kenward then postulated the existence of indicator groups for particular activities using an overlapping multiple proxy method. Pat Wiltshire, presenting her own work and that of Mark Robinson, made some interesting observations on the impact of flax and nettle retting on the riverine environment. Schelvis noted the importance of understanding taphonomic processes in the interpretation of arthropod remains from urban craft centres. During his presentation it was noted that several close up slides of lice had the audience gently scratching themselves....Peter Murphy then brought the session to an end with an analysis of burnt shell and its role in industrial activities. One of the key lessons learnt in this variegated session was that the use of single "indicator species" is limited and that attention was being turned to the creation of multiple proxy indicators using more than one source of evidence. It was apparent that there is a need for the development of agreed standards in the creation of baseline data on common lithological / pedological / biological properties. While the creation of a means for the exchange of such large data sets would be a major step toward being able to properly define over-lapping Venn sets or "bio-facies" for many different environments and human activities therein. Following another industrial strength lunch, two papers by Lewis and Waldron dealt with the impact of industry on human populations. This was considered from a skeletal viewpoint and again the use of multiple indicators was the key theme. The final lecture by David Hopkins et al., dealt with experimental approaches to the elucidation of post-depositional processes and gave us all a clear challenge to become more rigorous in our acquisition and analysis of data. Sunday rose bright and cheerful and those that stayed for the fieldtrip
were rewarded with a fascinating expedition to the Down and Weald Open
Air Museum. Of particular note was the reconstructed mediaeval
house set into a recreated garden and farmyard -- the presence of the
midden from the jettied thunderbox immediately adjacent to the well
did, however, give pause for thought... Several dozen reconstructed
buildings, a hurdle construction demonstration, coppiced woodland, a
charcoal burning site, a working water mill, a forge and a tea shop
later, we were all a lot wiser about the embedded nature of industrial
activities in the pre-Industrial revolution countryside.
Suitably refreshed we then made for the Roman Palace at Fishbourne.
The latter provided a moment of light relief when upon entering the
"potting shed" in the recreated Roman garden a recorded monologue by
a "Roman" gardener was triggered. The opening words "Oh NO, not
another interruption..." delivered in an appalling mockney Italian accent
had every one looking for a certain faunal specialist from Birmingham....
"Agricola"
ADVERTS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP A Research Fellow, funded by English Heritage, is required to work on faunal remains. An important duty will be visiting sites to advise excavators. The person appointed will be responsible for curating and developing comparative collections and for analysing material from excavations. The Fellow will be expected to contribute to research objectives. Facilities will be available within the Department and within English Heritage at Fort Cumberland, Portsmouth: it is expected that the successful applicant will work at both locations. Applicants should have a relevant degree and experience in faunal analysis. Proven ability to complete written reports is essential. Some teaching will be required. A letter of application, a c.v. (2 copies) giving details of qualifications and experience and the names of two referees should be sent to: Professor D P S Peacock (from whom further particulars may be obtained)
PLANTS IN ARCHAEOLOGY: Identification manual of vegetative plant materials used in Europe and the southern Mediterranean to c. 1500 Rowena Gale and David Cutler, This is a practical guide to the identification of vegetative plant
materials used from the early prehistoric to c. 1500 AD in Europe and
the southern Mediterranean. Geographic distribution and archaic names
are included. Specialised methods are given for the preparation of a
range of material including wood, stems, roots, leaves and fibres, with
particular emphasis on samples from archaeological artefacts, which
have been adversely affected by their conditions of burial. Detailed
anatomical descriptions of over 160 species of broadleaved herbaceous
plants and trees, conifers, grasses, palms and other monocotyledons,
and ferns and horsetails are fully illustrated with over 600 photomicrographs.
Keys of diagnostic features also help with identification. The history
of uses and working properties of the various materials are complemented
by tables listing recorded uses of specific plant materials, drawn from
every aspect of daily life (construction; cult and devotional images,
amulets, sculpture and ceremonial items; domestic items; dye plants;
fibres, textiles, basketry and cordage; fuel; occupational and musical
instruments; tanning; transport; and weapons and hunting artefacts),
some of which are illustrated.
MAIREAD RUTHERFORD: CONSULTANT PALYNOLOGIST Provision of high quality vegetational data to aid archaeological interpretation. Previous experience ranging from blanket bogs of western Ireland to Scottish saltmarsh sites; Neolithic settlements of Yorkshire and the Isle of Man. Ring (01969) 663030 or email heronrae@tinyonline.co.uk
NEW E-MAIL LIST ANNOUNCEMENT... ZOOARCH ZOOARCH is devoted to Zooarchaeology, that is the analysis of animal remains from archaeological sites to reconstruct the cultural lifeways of people and the inter-relationships between people, animals, and the environment. This list aims to promote the flow of ideas, skills and information, and offers support to fellow zooarchaeologists. We seek messages to stimulate discussion on methodologies, analyses, interpretation, to help with sources of information and most of all to allow us all to share and improve our knowledge. Zooarchaeologists of all status from students to amateurs to professionals are welcome to contribute. How to Join the List To join this list (you may want to pass this information on to other people), please send a message to: mailbase@mailbase.ac.uk
Please, make sure that this is the only text that appears in the body of your message (including any signature) Yours list owners, Jacqui Mulville and Umberto Abarella
We are grateful to Quita Mould for the following... IS THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL LEATHER GROUP DEAD? At the AEA Conference in Guildford rumours were circulating about the Archaeological Leather Group. Contrary to popular belief, the ALG is alive and well and eager to have any contact! We have two meetings a year, the next one being in Oxford on Thursday 6th July. Please contact Barbara Wills (Tel: 01233 213089) for further information.
SUMMER SCHOOL 2000 Introductory work will consider the identification of plant materials by the evaluation of their microscopic characteristics and the structure of plants from which fibres are obtained. Techniques used to prepare fibre samples will be practised. Methods for the identification of raw fibre and fibres in artefacts will be developed. The course is suitable for conservators in art and archaeology, for those studying textiles or artists' canvases and for forensic scientists. Tutor: Dorothy Catling Contacts: Dorothy Catling, Dept of Biological Sciences, University of Durham
DH1 3LE. or Jim Black, 6 Fitzroy Square, London W1P 6DX.
IDENTIFICATION OF WOOD Introductory talks cover the use of the microscope, the structure of plants and the identification of plant materials by the evaluation of their microscopical characteristics. Softwoods and hardwoods will be studied using the Princes Risborough keys for wood identification. Differences between trunk wood and root wood will be considered. Two days are devoted to the preparation and identification of collapsed/ waterlogged wood, charcoal and veneers. The course is suitable for conservators in art and archaeology, furniture restorers and forensic scientists. It is also a useful introduction to the identification of wood fibres in paper. The course will be held in the laboratory and will involve a great deal of practical work. Tutors: Dorothy Catling & Rowena Gale Contacts: Dorothy Catling, Dept of Biological Sciences, University of Durham
DH1 3LE. or Jim Black, 6 Fitzroy Square, London W1P 6DX.
Many thanks to Richard Thomas for the following contribution: BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF TWO JOURNALS Sources for the archaeobotanist - General - United Kingdom - Mediterranean - Spain - France - Near East Sources for the zooarchaeologist - General - Cattle - Sheep - Horses - Pigs Livestock - Deer - Rabbits - Birds - Fish Sources for the soils specialist Sources for the landscape archaeologist General agricultural sources - United Kingdom - The Agricultural Revolution - Egypt - Near East - Roman - Mediterranean - France - Germany - Denmark - Italy - Europe - Origins of agriculture Whilst trawling through a number of journals for references pertinent to my Ph.D. research I came across two journals (Agricultural History and Agricultural History Review) that not only contained a number of papers that appeared useful to me, but also to other aspects of environmental archaeology. I therefore decided to make a note of all these references, seeing as I was systematically going through the journals anyway. Because of the sheer numbers of papers in these journals a selective approach was adopted. Inevitably this was rather subjective, but I hope it will not detract from the usefulness of the review. Consequently the references cited below only include papers that either relate to subjects before 1800 AD or those that might be of historiographical use. I have also had to limit the geographic area covered by the papers to Europe and the Old World. For convenience I have attempted to divide the references into the various sub-disciplines of environmental archaeology for which there were references, and subdivided these further according to geographic region and topic. The review of the Agricultural History journal begins with Volume 1 (1927) and ends with Volume 72 (1998). The review of the Agricultural History Review begins with Volume 1 (1953) and ends with volume 45 (1997). Volumes 31 to 33 are missing for the Agricultural History. General Read, A.W. 1934. The history of Dr Johnson's definition of "oats". Agricultural History 8(3), 81-94. Thomas, A.S. 1960. Chalk, heather and man. Agricultural History Review 8, 57-65. Radley, J. 1961. Holly as winter feed. Agricultural History Review 9, 89-92. Pocock, D.C. 1965. Some former hop-growing centres. Agricultural History Review 13, 17-22. Clark, H.H. 1967. The origin and early history of the cultivated barleys: A botanical and archaeological synthesis. Agricultural History Review 15, 1-18. Harrison, C.J. 1971. Grain price analysis and harvest quantities, 1465-1634. Agricultural History Review 19, 135-155. Harvey, J.H. 1974. The stocks held by early nurseries. Agricultural History Review 22, 18-35. Smith, A.E. and Secoy, D.M. 1976. Salt as a pesticide, manure and seed steep. Agricultural History 50(3), 506-513. Postles, D. 1989. Cleaning the medieval arable. Agricultural History Review 37, 130-143. Fussell, G.E. and Goodman. 1941. Crop husbandry in eighteenth century England part 1. Agricultural History 15(4), 202-216. Fussell, G.E. and Goodman.1942. Crop husbandry in eighteenth century England part 2. Agricultural History 16(1), 41-63. Buttress, F.A. and Dennis, R.W.G.1947. The early history of cereal seed treatment in England. Agricultural History 21(2), 93-103. Harvey, N.1949. The coming of the swede to Great Britain: An obscure chapter in farming history. Agricultural History 23(4), 286-288. Fussell, G.E. 1955. Crop nutrition in Tudor and Early Stuart England. Agricultural History Review 3, 95-106. Blench, B.J.R. 1966. Seaweed and its use in Jersey agriculture. Agricultural History Review 13, 122-128. Hoskins, W.G. 1968. Harvest fluctuations and English economic history, 1480-1619. Agricultural History Review 12, 28-46. Hoskins, W.G. 1968. Harvest fluctuations and English economic history, 1620-1759. Agricultural History Review 16, 15-31. Baker, D. 1970. The harvesting of corn in the first half if the eighteenth century: North-east Kent. Agricultural History Review 18, 126-156. Clarkson, L.A. 1974. The English bark trade. Agricultural History Review
22, 136-152. Jones, A. 1977. Harvest customs and labourers' perquisites in southern England, 1150-1350: the hay harvest. Agricultural History Review 25, 98-107. Spray, M. 1981. Holly as fodder in England. Agricultural History Review 29, 97-110. Rowell, T.A. 1986. Sedge (Claudium mariscus) in Cambridgeshire. Its use and productivity since the seventeenth century. Agricultural History Review 34, 140-148. Glennie, P. 1988. Continuity and change in Hertfordshire agriculture, 1550-1700 II - trends in crop yields and their determinants. Agricultural History Review 36, 145-162. Hooke, D. 1989. Pre-conquest woodland: its distribution and usage. Agricultural History Review 37, 113-129. Thick, M. 1990. Garden seeds in England before the late eighteenth century: I, Seeds grown. Agricultural History Review 38, 58-71. Thick, M. 1990. Garden seeds in England before the late eighteenth
century: II, The trade in seeds to 1760. Agricultural History Review
38, 105-116. Andrews, A. 1952. The opium poppy as a food and spice in the Classical Period. Agricultural History 26(4), 152-155. Andrews, A.1961. Acclimatization of citrus fruits in the Mediterranean
region. Agricultural History 35(1), 35-46. Barrett, W. 1979. Jugerum and Caballeria in New Spain. Agricultural History. 53(2), 423-427. Hiltpold, P. 1989. The price, production and transportation of grain
in early modern Castille. Agricultural History 63(1), 73-92. Matthers, L.G. 1970. Harvesting by the Gauls: The forerunner of the combine harvester. Agricultural History Review 16, 52-53. Charley, P. 1981. Early evidence of sainfoin cultivation around Paris.
Agricultural History Review 29, 118-124. Carrubba, R.W. 1979. The first report of the harvesting of Asafetida
in Iran. Agricultural History 53(2), 451-461 Franks, J.W. 1957. Pollen analysis: a technique for investigating early
agrarian history. Agricultural History Review 5, 2-11. General Wentworth, E.N. 1956. Dried meat: Early man's travel ration. Agricultural History 30(1), 2-10. Epstein, H. 1955. Domestication features in animals as functions of human society. Agricultural History 29(4), 137-146. Ryder, M.L. 1959. The animal remains found at Kirkstall Abbey. Agricultural History Review 7, 1-5. Ryder, M.L. 1961. The livestock remains from four medieval sites in Yorkshire. Agricultural History Review 9, 105-110. Owen, A.E.B. 1965. A thirteenth century agreement on water for livestock in the Lindsey Marsh. Agricultural History Review 13, 40-46. Clarkson, L.A. 1966. The leather crafts in Tudor and Stuart England. Agricultural History Review 14, 25-39. Langdon, J. 1982. The economics of horses and oxen in Medieval England. Agricultural History Review 30, 31-40. Dannenflott, K.H. 1982. The control of vertebrate pests in Renaissance agriculture. Agricultural History 56(3), 542-560. Gibson, A.J.S. 1988. The size and weight of cattle and sheep in Early
Modern Scotland. Agricultural History Review 36, 162-171. Fussell, G.E. 1929. The size of English cattle in the eigteenth century. Agricultural History 3(4), 160-181. Fussell, G.E. 1937. Animal husbandry in eighteenth century England part 1: Cattle. Agricultural History 11(2), 96-116. Mullett, C.F.1946. The cattle distemper in mid eighteenth century England. Agricultural History 20(3), 144-165. Finberg, H.P.R. 1954. An early reference to the Welsh cattle trade. Agricultural History Review 2, 12-14. Jonas, S.1952. Cattle raising in Palestine. Agricultural History 26(3), 93-104. Moore, J.H.1961. The Ox in the Middle Ages. Agricultural History 35(2), 90-93. Fussell, G.E.1963. The evolution of dairy machinery in England. Agricultural History 37(4), 217-224. Broad, J. 1983. Cattle plague in eighteenth century England. Agricultural History Review 31, 104-115. Baker, C.M.A. 1984. The origin of South Devon cattle. Agricultural History Review 32, 124-132. Hooke, D. 1989. Cattle grazing in the Forest of Arden in the Later
Middle Ages. Agricultural History Review 37, 12-25. Fussell, G.E. and Goodman, C. 1930. Eighteenth century estimates of British sheep and wool production. Agricultural History 4(4), 131-151. Beresford, M.W. 1953. The poll tax and census of sheep, 1549. Agricultural History Review 1, 9-15. Beresford, M.W. 1953. The poll tax and census of sheep, 1549 (cont.). Agricultural History Review 2, 15-29. Donkin, R.A. 1958. Cistercian sheep-farming and wool sales in the thirteenth century. Agricultural History Review 6, 2-8. Lennard, R. 1959. Statistics of sheep in medieval England: A question of interpretation. Agricultural History Review 7, 75-81. Ryder, M.L. 1964. The history of sheep breeds in Britain. Agricultural History Review 12, 1-12; 65-82. Ryder, M.L. 1968. Sheep and the clearances in the Scottish Highlands: a biologists view. Agricultural History Review 16, 155-158. Bischoff, J.P. 1983. "I cannot do't without counters": Fleece weights and sheep breeds in late thirteenth and early fourteenth century England. Agricultural History 57(2), 143-161. Ryder, M.L. 1984. Medieval sheep and wool types. Agricultural History Review 32, 14-28. Martin, J. 1988. Sheep and enclosure in sixteenth century Northamptonshire. Agricultural History Review 36, 39-54. Fear, A.T. 1992. The golden sheep of Roman Andalusia. Agricultural
History Review 40, 151-155. Edward P.R. 1979. The horse trade of the Midlands in the seventeenth
century. Agricultural History Review 27, 90-100. Bennett, M.K. 1970. Aspects of the pig. Agricultural History 44(2),
223-236. Fussell, G.E. 1937. Animal husbandry in eighteenth century England part 2: Sheep, swine, horses and poultry. Agricultural History 11(3), 189-214. Fussell, G.E. and Goodman. 1938. Traffic in farm produce in eighteenth century England: Except livestock and livestock produce. Agricultural History 12(4), 355-368. O'Loan, J. 1959. Livestock in Brehon Laws. Agricultural History Review 7, 65-74. Tubbs, C.R. 1965. The development of the small-holding and cottage stock-keeping economy of the New Forest. Agricultural History Review 13, 22-39 Frost, P. 1981. Yeoman and metalsmiths: Livestock in the dual economy
in South Staffordshire 1560-1720. Agricultural History Review 29, 29-41.
Birrell, J. 1992. Deer and deer farming in medieval England. Agricultural
History Review 40, 112-126. Veale, E.M. 1957. The rabbit in England. Agricultural History Review 5, 85-90. Bowley, M. 1988. The rabbbit and the medieval East Anglian economy.
Agricultural History Review 36, 1-20. Harper, J. 1972. The tardy domestication of the duck. Agricultural History 46(3), 385-389. Jones, E.L. 1972. The bird pests of British agriculture in recent centuries.
Agricultural History Review 20, 107-125. Currie, C.K. 1991. The early history of the carp and its economic significance
in England. Agricultural History Review 39, 97-107. McCall, A.G. 1931. The development of soil science. Agricultural History 5(2), 43-56. Olson, L. 1943. Collumela and the beginning of soil science. Agricultural History 17(2), 65-72. Olson, L. and Eddy, H.L. 1943. Leonardo di Vinci: The first soil conservation geologist. Agricultural History 17(3), 129-134. Hutchison, Sir J. 1969. Erosion and land use: The influence of agriculture on the Epirus region of Greece. Agricultural History Review 17, 85-90. Effland, A.B.W. and Effland, W.R. 1992. Soil geomorphology studies in the U.S. soil survey programme. Agricultural History 66(2), 189-213. Newman, E.I. and Harvey, P.D.A. 1997. Did soil fertility decline in
medieval English farms? Evidence from Cuxham, Oxfordshire, 1320-1340.
Agricultural History Review 45, 119-136. Eyre, S.R. 1955. The curving plough-strip and its historical implications. Agricultural History Review 3, 86-94. Beecham, H.A. 1956. A review of baulks as strip boundaries in the open fields. Agricultural History Review 4, 22-44. Postgate, M.R. 1962. The field systems of Breckland. Agricultural History Review 10, 80-101. Johnson, S.A. 1963. Enclosure and changing agricultural landscapes in Lindsey. Agricultural History Review 11, 95-102. Butlin, R.A. 1964. Northumberland field systems. Agricultural History Review 11, 95-102. Baker, A.R.H. 1966. Field systems in the Vale of Holmedale. Agricultural History Review 14, 1-24. Whittington, G. 1967. Towards a terminology for strip lynchets. Agricultural History Review 15, 103-107. Bentley, J.H. 1977. The development of water-meadows in Dorset during the seventeenth century. Agricultural History Review 25, 37-43. Lane, C. 1980. The development of pastures and meadows during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Agricultural History Review 28, 18-30. Broad, J. 1980. Alternate husbandry and permanent pasture in the Midlands, 1650-1800. Agricultural History Review 28, 77-89 Campbell, B.M.S. 1981. The regional uniqueness of English field systems? Some evidnece from Eastern Norfolk. Agricultural History Review 29, 16-28. Harvey, M. 1983. Planned field systems in East Yorkshire: Some thoughts on their origin. Agricultural History Review 31, 91-103. Bowle, G.G.S. 1987. Water-meadows in Wessex - a re-evaluation for the
period 1640-1850. Agricultural History Review 35, 151-158. Hallam, H.E. 1984. The climate of Eastern England, 1250-1350. Agricultural History Review 32, 124-132. Overton, M.1989. Weather and agricultural change in England 1660-1739.
Agricultural History 63(2), 77-89. United Kingdom Fussell, G.E. 1931. John Wynn Baker: An "improver" in eighteenth century Ireland. Agricultural History 5(4), 151-161. Fussell, G.E.1943. "A real farmer" of eighteenth century England and his book, The modern farmers guide. Agricultural History 17(4), 211-215. Fussell, G.E.1944. The collection of agricultural history statistics in Great Britain: Its origin and evolution. Agricultural History 18(4), 161-167. Fussell, G.E.1946. The traffic in farm produce in seventeenth century England. Agricultural History 20(2), 77-86. Fussell, G.E.1947. The farming writers of eighteenth century England. Agricultural History 21(1), 1-8. Duckham, A.N.1948. Liberty, progress and security: Fifteen centuries of British agriculture. Agricultural History 22(3), 129-133. Hoskins, W.G. 1951. The Leicestershire farmer in the seventeenth century. Agricultural History, 25(1) 9-20. Thirsk, J. 1953. The Isle of Axenholme before Vermujden. Agricultural History Review 1, 16-29. Hoskins, W.G.1954. Regional farming in Britain. Agricultural History Review 2, 3-11. Darby, H.C. 1954. Some early ideas on the agricultural regions of England. Agricultural History Review 2, 30-48. Hilton, R.H. 1955. The content and sources of English agrarian history before 1500. Agricultural History Review 3, 3-18. Thirsk, J. 1955. The content and sources of English agrarian history after 1500. Agricultural History Review 3, 66-79. Davidson, T.D. 1955. The untilled field. Agricultural History Review 3, 20-25. Allison, K.J. 1957. The sheep-corn husbandry of Norfolk in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Agricultural History Review 5, 12-30. Payne, F.G. 1957. The British plough: some stages in its development. Agricultural History Review 5, 77-84. Sylvester, D. 1958. The common fields of the coastland of Gwent. Agricultural History Review 6, 9-26. Simpson, A. 1958. The East Anglian foldcourse: some queries. Agricultural History Review 6, 87-96. Stevenson, R.B.K. 1960. Notes on early agriculture in Scotland. Agricultural History Review 8, 1-4. Donaldson, G. 1960. Sources for Scottish Agrarian History before the eighteenth century. Agricultural History Review 8, 82-90. Lang, W.H. 1960. Regional farming in seventeenth century Yorkshire. Agricultural History Review 8, 103-115. Havinden, M.A. 1961. Agricultural progress in open-field Oxfordshire. Agricultural History Review 9, 73-88. Chalken, C.W. 1962. The rural economy of a Kentish Wealden Parish, 1650-1750. Agricultural History Review 10, 29-45. Wilson, D.M. 1962. Anglo-Saxon rural economy: A survey of the archaeological evidence and a suggestion. Agricultural History Review 10, 65-79. Fenton, A. 1963. Skene of Hallyard's maunscript of Husbandrie. Agricultural History Review 11, 65-81. Smout, T.C. and Fenton, A. 1965. Scottish agriculture before Improvers - an exploration. Agricultural History Review 13, 73-93. Siddle, J.M. 1967. The rural economy in medieval Holderness. Agricultural History Review 15, 40-45. Thomas, C. 1968. Thirteenth century farm economies in North Wales. Agricultural History Review 16, 1-14. Roberts, B.K. 1968. A study of medieval colonization in the forest of Arden. Agricultural History Review 16, 101-113. Coull, J.R. 1968. Crofters' common grazing in Scotland. Agricultural History Review 16, 142-154. Stephens, W.B. 1968. Sources for the history of agriculture in the English village and their treatment. Agricultural History 42(2), 225-238. Roden, D. 1969. Demesne farming in the Chiltern Hills. Agricultural History Review 17, 9-23. Yelling, J. 1969. The combination and rotation of crops in East Worcestershire, 1540-1660. Agricultural History Review 17, 24-43. Fleming, A. 1971. Bronze Age agriculture in the marginal lands of North Yorkshire. Agricultural History Review 19, 1-24. Brandon, P.F. 1971. Demesne arable farming in coastal Sussex during the later Middle Ages. Agricultural History Review 19, 113-134. Lindsay, J.M. 1977. Forestry and agriculture in the Scottish Highlands 1700-1850: A problem in Estate management. Agricultural History Review 25, 23-36. Melton, F.T. 1978. Absentee land management in seventeenth century England. Agricultural History 52(1), 147-159. Reed, C.G. 1976.The profits of cultivation in England during the later Middle Ages. Agricultural History 50(4), 645-648. Zell, M. 1979. Accounts of a sheep and corn farm, 1588-60. Agricultural History Review 27, 122-128. Thomas, B. 1982. Feeding England during the Industrial Revolution: A view from the Celtic fringe. Agricultural History 56(1), 328-343. Ripley, P. 1984. Village and town: occupants and wealth in the hinterland of Gloucester, 1660-1700. Agricultural History Review 32, 170-178. Spier, R.F.C. and Donald, K.A. 1985. Shakespeare and farming: The Bard and Tusser. Agricultural History 59(3), 448-462. Bridbury, A.R. 1985. Thirteenth century prices and money supply. Agricultural History Review 33, 1-21. Dyer, C. 1988. Changes in diet in the Late Middle Ages: the case of harvest workers. Agricultural History Review 36, 21-38. Glennie, P. 1988. Continuity and change in Hertfordshire agriculture, 1550-1700 I - Patterns of agricultural production. Agricultural History Review 36, 55-76. Campbell, B.M.S. 1988. Towards and agricultural geography of Medieval England. Agricultural History Review 36, 77-86. Hogan, M.P. 1988. Clays, Culturae, and the cultivators wisdom: management efficiency at fourteenth century Wistow. Agricultural History Review 36, 117-131. Farmer, D.L. 1989. Two Wiltshire manors and their markets. Agricultural History Review 37, 1-11. Pretty, J.N. 1990. Sustainable agriculture in the Middle Ages: the English manor. Agricultural History Review 38, 1-19. Whitney, K.P. 1990. The woodland economy of Kent, 1066-1348. Agricultural History Review 38, 20-39. Bowley, M. 1990. Sand into gold: the evolution of the fold course system in West Sussex, 1200-1600. Agricultural History Review 38, 40-57. Lemer, J. 1992. Science and agricultural progress: Quantitative evidence from England 1660-1780. Agricultural History 66(4), 11-28. Campbell, B.M.S. et al. 1992. Rural land-use in the Metropolitan Hinterland, 1270-1339: the evidence of Inquisitions Post Mortem. Agricultural History Review 40, 1-22. Campbell, B.M.S. 1993. A far field once full of folk: Agrarian change in an era of population decline 1348-1500. Agricultural History Review 41, 60-70. Atkin, M.A. 1994. Land use and management in the upland demesne of the de Lacy Estate of Bukinghamshire, c.1300. Agricultural History Review 42, 1-19. Harrison, B. 1995. Field systems and demesne farming on the Wiltshire esates of St. Swithun's Priory, Winchester, 1248-1340. Agricultural History Review 43, 1-18. Langdon, J. 1995. City and countryside in Medieval England. Agricultural History Review 43, 67-72. Charles, J.A. 1995. Market integration and agricultural output in seventeenth-, eighteenth and early nineteenth century England. Agricultural History Review 43, 117-138. Campbell, B.M.S. et al. 1996. The demesne-farming systems of post Black Death England: A classification. Agricultural History Review 44, 131-179. Watkins, A. 1997. Landowners and their estates in the Forest of Arden
in the fifteenth century. Agricultural History Review 45, 18-33. Mingay, G.E.1963. The "Agricultural Revolution" in English history a reconsideration. Agricultural History 37(3), 123-133. Kerridge, E. 1968. The Agricultural Revolution reconsidered. Agricultural History 42(4), 462-476. Mingay, G.E. 1968. Dr. Kerridge's "Agricultural Revolution": A comment. Agricultural History 42(4), 477-482. Overton, M. 1996. Re-establishing the English Agricultural Revolution.
Agricultural History Review 44, 1-34. Westermann, W.E. 1927. Egyptian agricultural labour under Ptolemy Philadelphius. Agricultural History 1(2), 34-47. Schwake, C.W. and Gordon, A.H. 1988. The Egyptian w3s - scepter and its modern analogues: Uses in animal husbandry, agriculture and surveying. Agricultural History 62(1), 61-90. Hughes, J.D. 1992. Sustainable agriculture in Ancient Egypt. Agricultural
History 66(2), 12-23. Gruber, J.W.1948. Irrigation and landuse in Ancient Mesopotamia. Agricultural History 22(2), 69-77. Jones, T.B.1951. By the Rivers of Babylon sat we down. Agricultural History 25(1), 1-9. Jones, T.B.1952. Ancient Mesopotamian agriculture. Agricultural History 26(2), 46-51. Braidwood, R.J.1954. From cave to village in Iraq. Agricultural History 28(2), 41-43. Chernoff, M. 1992. Natural resource use in an Ancient Near East farming
community. Agricultural History 66(2), 213-232. Olson, L.1944. Vergil and conservation. Agricultural History 18(4), 153-155. Olson, L.1945. Cato's views on the farmer's obligation to the land. Agricultural History 19(3), 129-132. White, K.D.1956. The efficiency of Roman trading under the Empire. Agricultural History 30(2), 85-89. Applebaum, S. 1958. Agriculture in Roman Britain. Agricultural History Review 6, 66-86. White, K. 1970. Fallowing, crop rotation and crop yields in Roman times.
Agricultural History 44(3), 281-290. Semple, E.C. 1928. Ancient Mediterranean agriculture part 1. Agricultural History 2(2), 61-98. Semple, E.C 1928. Ancient Mediterranean agriculture part 2: Manuring
and seed selection. Agricultural History 2(3), 111-156. Goldsmith, J.L. 1973. Agricultural specialisation in Early Modern Auvergne. Agricultural History 47(3), 216-234. Berlow, R.K. 1982. The "disloyal" grape: The agrarian crisis of late
fourteenth century Burgundy. Agricultural History 56(2), 426-439. Fleisher, M.P. 1981. The first German agricultural manuals. Agricultural
History 55(1), 1-16. Steensberg, A. 1957. Some recent Danish experiments in Neolithic agriculture. Agricultural History Review 5, 66-73. Friedmann, K.J. 1976. Food marketing in Copenhagen 1250-1850. Agricultural History 50(2), 400-413. Friedmann, K.J. 1984. Fencing, herding and tethering in Denmark from
open-field agriculture to enclosure. Agricultural History 58(4), 584-598.
Laurent, J.K. 1984. The peasant in Italian agrarian treatises. Agricultural
History 58(4), 565-584. Silcher von Bath, B.H. 1968. Eighteenth agriculture on the Continent of Europe: Evolution or Revolution? Agricultural History 42(1), 169-180. Dovring, F. 1968. Eighteenth century changes in European agriculture: A comment. Agricultural History 42(1), 181-186. Fussell, G.E. 1969. The Classical tradition in West European farming: the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Agricultural History Review 17, 1-8. Sexaver, B. 1976. English and French agriculture in the late eighteenth century. Agricultural History 50(3), 491-505. Toploski, J. 1974. The manorial-serf economy in Central and Eastern
Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Agricultural History
48(3), 341-352. Fussell, G.E. 1981. Origin of farming. Agricultural History Review 29, 111-117. Richerson, P.J. 1979. Ecology and the origins of agriculture: A review
essay. Agricultural History 53(3), 637-643. Johnstone, P.H. 1937. In praise of husbandry. Agricultural History 11(2), 80-95. Fussell, G.E. 1943. My impressions of Arthur Young. Agricultural History 17(3), 135-144. Parker, E.A.1948. John Dyer, the poet as farmer. Agricultural History 22(3), 134-141. Fussell, G.E.1949. My impressions of William Marshall. Agricultural History 23(1), 57-61. Kerridge, E. 1955. A reconsideration of some former husbandry practices. Agricultural History Review 3, 26-40. Lennard, R. 1964. Agrarian history: some vistas and pitfalls. Agricultural History Review 12, 83-98. Fussell, G.E.1966. Ploughs and ploughing before 1800. Agricultural History 40(3), 177-186. Fussell, G.E.1968. Science and practice in eighteenth century agriculture. Agricultural History 42(1), 7-18. Brandenburg, D.J.1968. Commentary on eighteenth century agriculture. Agricultural History 42(1), 19-24. Birrell, J. 1969. Peasant craftsmen in the medieval forest. Agricultural History Review 17, 91-107. Thirsk, J. 1970. Seventeenth century agricultural and social change. In Thirsk, J. (ed.), Land, church and people: essays presented to Prof. H.P.R. Finkey. Agricultural History Review 18. Fussell, G.E. 1978. Farming history and its frameworks. Agricultural History 52(1), 132-146. Cooter, W.S. 1978. Ecological dimensions of medieval agrarian systems. Agricultural History 52(4), 458-477. Loomis, R.S. W.S. 1978. Ecological dimensions of medieval agrarian systems: An ecologist responds. Agricultural History 52(4), 477-483. Raftis, J.A. W.S. 1978. Ecological dimensions of medieval agrarian systems: A medievalist responds. Agricultural History 52(4), 483-487. Kennedy, L. 1982. The first Agricultural Revolution: Property rights in their place. Agricultural History 56(2), 379-390. Mate, M. 1985. Medieval agrarian practices: The determining factors? Agricultural History Review 33, 22-31. Lightfoot, D.R. 1996. The nature, history and distribution of lithic mulch agriculture; An ancient technique of dryland agriculture. Agricultural History Review 44, 206-222.
PUBLICATIONS Many thanks to James Greig, as always, for the following information: James would like to thank Tim Mighall & Pat Wiltshire for references.
Please send references to greigjra@bham.ac.uk
Aufderheide A.C. (1998) Cambridge encyclopedeia of human palaeopathology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Wasylikowa K. (1999) Rosliny w dawnej gospodarce czlowieka [Plants in ancient human husbandry, in Polish with summaries in English]. Polish Botanical Studies, Guidebook Series 23, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. Zeist W.van, Cappers R.T.J., Ouderkerken M.G., et al (1999) Cultivated
and wild plants in late- and postmedieval Groningen - a study of archaeological
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