|
Edited by Wendy Carruthers
and Vanessa Straker
Copy dates for Newsletter: 20th of the following months - January / April
/ July / October.
Items for the Newsletter may be submitted by e-mail or on disk (3.5"
floppy disks in IBM-PC format as WordPerfect, Word or ASCII files) . Short
typed manuscripts can be sent to:
Wendy Carruthers, Sawmills House, Castellau, Llantrisant, Mid Glamorgan
CF72 8LQ, U.K. - Tel: +44 1443 223462 - e-mail: wendy.carruthers@virgin.net
Vanessa Straker, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol,
University Rd., Bristol, BS8 1SS, U.K. - Fax: +44 117 928 7878 - e-mail:
V.Straker@Bristol.ac.uk
AEA Membership Secretary: Ruth Pelling, 14 Perfect View, Camden,
Bath BA1 5JY, UK - e-mail:
membership@envarch.net
AEA website:
http://www.envarch.net/
EDITORIAL
In this, the last Newsletter of 2001, there is information about an extended
field trip in Shropshire and Herefordshire that has been offered in place
of the Annual Conference in 2002. We would like to thank Tim Mighall and
Alison Locker for sending in Conference Reports, and, as always are very
grateful to James Greig for gathering information about recent publications.
On James’ behalf we would like to encourage members to send details
about publications to James at greigjra@bham.ac.uk
With Christmas rapidly approaching (as if you needed reminding), we’d
like to wish everyone a Merry Christmas & Happy New Year!
NEWS FROM THE COMMITTEE
Request for Organisers and a Venue for the Autumn 2002 One-day Meeting
The AEA committee is looking for organisers and a venue for the autumn
one-day meeting in 2002. These meetings normally take place in September
or October. One-day meetings are usually an event at which short,
informal papers are presented on a wide range of topics; reports on work
in progress, especially students’ research, are particularly encouraged.
Recent one-day meetings have taken place at Birmingham (2001) and York
(2000). It is at the discretion of organisers whether or not they would
wish to publish papers presented at a one-day meeting. In 2002, the AGM
of the AEA will take place at the one-day meeting. If you are interested
please contact Dr. Helen Smith , The School of Conservation Sciences,
University of Bournemouth
, Dorset House, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole BH12 5BB, UK. Tel: +44
(0)1202 595 185; Fax: +44 (0)1202 595 255; e-mail:
hsmith@bournemouth.ac.uk
Election of New AEA Committee Members
As there is no spring conference next year, election of new AEA committee
members is postponed until the Autumn 2002 one-day meeting. However, if
you know someone whom you would like to nominate to serve on the committee
or are interested in being a committee member yourself, please contact
Dr. Carol Palmer. The address is: School of Archaeology and Ancient History,
University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH. Tel: +44 (0)1274 2564; Fax:
+44 (0)1274 5005; e-mail: cp24@le.ac.uk
. A formal request for nominees will appear next year.
Circaea on the Web
Following a member’s suggestion, the AEA is investing some of
its funds to make Circaea available on the AEA website (http://www.envarch.net
). This service will be password protected to make it available
to AEA members only. In the first instance, volumes 1 to 3 will
be converted to downloadable format. We will inform members when this
new service becomes available and will also issue a password at that time.
Any items, comments and suggestions in relation to the website are always
welcome to: Mark Beech;e-mail: mjb117@york.ac.uk
or Carol Palmer; e-mail: cp24@le.ac.uk
. [ N.B. please note that the password is
no longer required for access to AEA vols 1-3, which are currently available
for public access... AEA webmaster]
Environmental Archaeology , Volume 6
The sixth Environmental Archaeology volume will be published shortly
and is due to be distributed in November/December as usual.
CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS
ANNOUNCEMENT.
Association for Environmental Archaeology extended Field Trip:
Shropshire and Herefordshire. Early July 2002.
David Smith, The University of Birmingham.
Geraint Coles, The University of Edinburgh
Intent
With the absence of a formal conference this year, and noting the success
of recent QRA field outings, we decided to try to start the ball rolling
with the AEA by organising an similar extended field trip. (Equally, we
have found that in the past that the field trip is often the most enjoyable
and useful part of the normal three-day conference -so why bother with
the papers). Shropshire and the Welsh Borders is a beautiful, biologically
diverse, archaeologically rich but largely unexplored area of Britain.
Our base for the trip will be just south of Shrewsbury, Shropshire. We
are planning on using a number of small, comfortable hotels as our base
for three nights.
Proposed contents
Day 1:
Wroxeter Roman town tour in particular with emphasis on the recent results
of the remote sensing survey. Possible tour of the Wroxeter Vineyard.
Caer Cardoc hill fort and the environmental sequence of the Chruch
Stretton Gap. (possible walk up the Wrekin to watch the sun set)
Day 2 : Mitchel’s Fold stone circle.
Powys Castle gardens
Nature reserve at Llanyminich hill fort.
(formal dinner)
Day 3 :
Tour of the deer park at Attingham.
Recent botanical and entomological work at Birches Farm Hay meadows.
Costs
We are aiming to keep the costs at around £ 150.00 to £ 200.00
per person. Numbers will be limited to 14 people. Dates and full costings
will be provided in the February newsletter.
To reserve your place or if you have any questions please contact:
David Smith, Department of Ancient History and Archaeology, The University
of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham. B152TT.
Phone: 0121 414 6542.
E-mail: d.n.smith@bham.ac.uk
4th INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON PHYTOLITH
RESEARCH 2002
New Perspectives in Phytolith Research: Climate,
Environment and Archaeology
The meeting will be held at the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research
from the morning of 28 August till the afternoon of 31 August 2002
. The Conference has five presentation sessions that will be run plenary:
- Phytolith Taxonomy, Methodology and Taphonomy
- Phytoliths in Palaeoclimatology and Palaeoecology
- Phytoliths in Archaeological Structures, Ancient Agriculture and
Hunter-Gatherers Societies
- Phytoliths in Soil Studies and Micromorphology
- Phytoliths in Plant Studies
Each presentation will last 20 minutes and there will be 10-15 minutes for
discussion.
There also will be a Poster Session with 5 minutes introduction
for each poster and 5-10 minutes for discussion.
All information about the conference can be found at :
http://www.arch.cam.ac.uk/phytolith
Or contacting:
Marco Madella
The McDonald Institute
Downing Street
Cambridge, CB2 3ER
e-mail: mm10018@cam.ac.uk
fax 01223-339285
CONFERENCE
REPORTS
AEA One day meeting in honour of Professor Susan Limbrey
University of Birmingham, 18th September 2001.
This one-day meeting was organised by Megan Brickley and David Smith to
honour Professor Susan Limbrey’s contribution to the field of environmental
archaeology. The conference attracted a diverse array of papers, many
of which reflect Susan’s own academic interests and were presented
by colleagues who have worked with Susan or have been inspired by Susan’s
own research. John Hunter (University of Birmingham) described
the sizeable contribution Susan Limbrey has made to the Department of
Ancient History and Archaeology at Birmingham University whilst Allan
Hall (EAU, University of York) outlined the importance of Susan’s
research in shaping the field of environmental archaeology. It was fitting,
therefore, that Allan had the pleasurable task of informing the audience
that Susan had been made an honorary member of the Association for Environmental
Archaeology.
In a room devoid of heating it was most appropriate that Tony Brown
(Exeter University) presented pollen data from a late-glacial to early
Holocene organic sediment from a palaeochannel located in the Lugg valley
in the Severn-Wye Catchment. Combined with radiocarbon dates, chronomid
and fossil insect data, this site provides us with a snapshot of vegetation
probably marking the beginning of the Windermere Interstadial in the western
Midlands of Britain. The palaeoenvironmental reconstruction theme continued
with a paper by Denise Druce (Lampeter, University of Wales).
Denise presented the evidence for Holocene sea-level changes in the Severn
Estuary. Denise then placed the significant of these changes in an archaeological
context. Interestingly, one of the major positive sea level tendencies
around 3000 to 2500 Cal BC coincides with evidence of occupation and utilisation
of the coastal zone.
Caroline Hall (Sheffield University) presented an interesting paper
on the history and management of woodland in the Pindos Mountains of Greece.
Historically woodland in this region of north-west Greece has been managed
to provide leafy hay. Caroline compared the historical documentary evidence
and with tree-ring data. The degree of compatibility between the two approaches
provides a good example of testing the reliability of interpreting landscape
changes and evidence for woodland management using tree-ring data
Soil was the major focus of five of the conference papers. Jen Heathcote
(English Heritage) and Erika Guttmann (University of Stirling) covered
the evolution of landscapes and soil development in two papers. Using
pedo-geomorphological mapping and more detailed analyses of selected soil
profiles Jen discussed the extent and cause of accelerated soil erosion
in the Lesser Antilles and the implications that past land use changes
has for modern farming and land use. Erika discussed the long-term development
of anthropogenic soils in the Northern Isles of Scotland. These Isles
provide evidence for the creation of plaggen soils from the Neolithic
onwards with their use intensifying in the Iron Age and Norse period.
Phosphate analysis has been used to provide evidence for the possible
application of manures/fertilisers.
Wendy Mathers (Reading University) convincingly outlined the value
of soil micromorphology in archaeology. Wendy discussed some of the soil
micromorphological data she and co-researchers have gleaned from the Neolithic
settlement of Çatalhöyuk in Turkey. Wendy discussed how the
evidence provided details the spatial and temporal variation in activities
and conventions within the complex buildings with wall paintings. Raimonda
Usai (English Heritage) has been investigating the application of
micromorphological structures found in the soil to help identify past
phases of agricultural activity. Although progress is being made in this
area of research Raimonda discussed some of the difficulties in recognising
diagnostic micromorphological features.
Matt Canti (English Heritage) reviewed his research on the impact
of earthworms on sediment stratigraphy. Matt demonstrated using a variety
of examples how earthworms can internally re-organise material in a soil
profile. However, the production of excreted calcite granules may also
have advantages in helping archaeologists resolve some stratigraphic issues
through concentration counts, identification and possibly dating.
The daily live of people is a subject that has always fascinated archaeologists
and thus it is an area of research that has attracted much attention including
Rebecca Redfearn (University of Durham). Rebecca is using a biocultural
approach to reconstruct the urban environment and health of people during
Roman times. To date Rebecca’s results are encouraging. Palaeopathological
data from a number of cemeteries across southern Britain has provided
evidence of some of the health problems suffered by people who lived in
Roman towns and provides some useful insights about urban sanitary conditions
and diet. In contrast, Rebecca Rosseff (Herefordshire Council)
presented a synthesis of the evidence for circular field systems in Herefordshire.
Using a combination of field mapping and reference to early editions of
ordnance survey maps Rebecca outlined the nature of circular field systems
and then discussed how and when these systems formed.
David Smith (Birmingham University) and Nicki Whitehouse (Queens
University, Belfast) finished the afternoon session with a discussion
of fossil insect data found in prehistoric woodlands across Britain. Their
results suggest that diverse faunal assemblages existed across Britain
in early and mid-Holocene woodlands. The traditional view of ‘urwaldrelikt’
faunas and a decline in species as a result of habitat loss and forest
clearance by humans from the Early Iron Age may need updating!
In summary the diversity and content of the papers presented made this
a very enjoyable one day conference and an excellent way to honour Susan
Limbrey’s academic career. We can now look forward to reading the
planned publication of the proceedings!
Tim Mighall
Geography, Coventry University
ICAZ Fish Remains Working Group Conference.
Paihia, Bay of Islands, New Zealand. October 8-15th
The FRWG conference (held every 2 years) was hosted by Foss Leach and Janet
Davidson of Te Papa Museum of New Zealand in Wellington. The conference
was held in Paihia in the NE of the North Island, a popular resort for sports
fishermen and followed by a 3 day field trip ending in Aukland.
The distance did not deter delegates from many countries attending to give
38 papers. The delivery of 20 minute papers in 30 minute time slots allowed
lively discussion to develop, the papers were wide ranging in both location
and subject, mostly fish with a few papers on shellfish. New Zealand and
Australia were well represented with other papers from the Pacific including
the Cook Islands, New Caledonia, Fiji and Hawaii. The wide range of topics
included; Salmonidae in Japan, fish in Mexican offerings, coastal fisheries
from 5th – 1 st millenium BC in SE Arabia, Neolithic
fish from Borneo, avoidance or differential preservation of eel remains
in the Pacific and New Zealand and storage of fish in Shetland.
A general interest through the papers seemed to develop with regard to the
different ways used to quantifying the fish bone data both by bone numbers
and other methods, including weight. Fish species and calculation of their
size were frequently used to reconstruct changes in marine exploitation,
for example at; Precolumbian village sites in Jamaica, the St Augustine
area in the SE USA and in the type of fish targeted in prehistoric fishing
strategies in Hawaii. A depletion in the amount and variety of fish consumed
at Lachish (Israel) was evident from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. Large
boreal gadids were present in Palaeolithic levels from Nerja on the Costa
del Sol, Spain, in contrast to later deposits dominated by Mediterranean
mid water groups. Tony Pitcher, a fish biologist, considered much of this
archaeological data to be relevant in respect to modern fishing policies,
in the current climate of global depletion of fish stocks through over fishing.
Other topics explored included; difficulties in radio carbon dating fish
bone, the use of mtDNA to differentiate species within osteologically similar
fish families. On a more ethnographic theme; the role of women and children
in Scottish fisheries within historic times and an unusual use of fish vertebrae
in a religious context broadened the theme beyond that of interpreting specific
assemblages.
These papers are intended for publication in Archaeofauna and the next meeting
is to be held in Mexico in 2003.
The verdant green of New Zealand in the spring was amply maintained by heavy
rainfall and so the reliability of weather conditions on the ‘free
day’ mid conference for boat trips was in doubt. Janet arranged a
bus and we visited a ‘pa’ (similar to iron age hillforts) used
by the Maori. We then viewed the Hundertwasser public toilets whose Rennie
Mackintosh/Flintstones architectural style must be unparalleled. After lunch
at a winery we arrived at the Treaty House where the Waitangi treaty was
signed in 1840 between the British Crown and Maori chiefs. The translations
of the treaty left the interpretation of this document open to much legal
dispute ever since.
The walk back to Paihia stirred appetites for the excellent conference dinner
that night at the Paihia Beach Hotel. Local restaurants were amply tested
in the evenings in Paihia with much fish consumed. Tom Largy (who accompanied
his wife Tonya for the fishing) and Tony Legge caught enough fish for 2
memorable dinners cooked for us at the Swordfish Club which coincidentally
had the cheapest drinks in town.
The field trip left on the Saturday and Janet had prepared an extensive
guide book. On the first day we visited the early 19th century
Mission House and Stone Store House at Kerikeri, both restored to their
original state. Another ‘pa’ (Kororipo) was seen close by, belonging
to a famous warrior chief, ‘Hongi Hika’. Driving on eastwards
we passed extinct volcanic cones and lava fields with the stone remains
of pre European cultivation gardens on the way to the ‘pa’ at
Pouerua, Rain became synonymous with ‘pa’s’ and this one
involved a walk across farm fields and up to the top. At this point the
coach driver seemed to accept the inevitability of mud and other organic
matter on his carpets! After a picnic lunch we visited Ohaeawai church (1871)
built on the site of a ‘pa’, the objective of an unsuccessful
attack by British forces in 1845. We arrived at Omapere a resort on the
west coast, where some hardy individuals swam in the sea here during a beautiful
sunny late afternoon.
The next day we visited the Waipoua Forest and saw the largest surviving
Kauri tree, the museum showed pictorial evidence of the kauri gum industry
which flourished between the late 19th and early 20th
century. Arriving at the Te Houhanga Marae (the marae is the social centre
for local Maori communities) we were warmly welcomed and learnt something
of the Maori traditions and their role in a modern New Zealand and listened
to songs by the children. Lunch was accompanied by more songs and dances
by the children followed by a final meeting in the ‘marae’ and
after much hospitality we took our leave. Arriving at Whangerai back on
the east coast, where we were to spend the night, we visited the Museum
of Fishes. This was a wonderful collection, a mixture of live fish, casts
of many species, stuffed birds and shell collections.
Leaving Whangerai we went to Goat Island, to the Leigh Marine Laboratory
(part of Aukland University) where a student spoke of his work radio tracking
snapper (sea bream to Europeans) to record their movements within the marine
reserve. A lunch time visit to a winery included a talk and extensive tasting
of the wine produced there, followed by lunch. Driving on to Aukland a visit
was made to the Seamart fish shop and finally to Mt Eden, an extinct volcanic
cone with archaeological evidence of broad terraces and deep pits, unfortunately
only viewed from the coach due to rain. At this point some delegates were
off to the airport for long flights while others had a few days in reserve
for more sight seeing.
Much of this review seems to have centred round hospitality and not just
the excellent food and New Zealand wines. Foss and Janet (along with others
from their museum, particularly Colleen Stuart and Jim Samson) had obviously
spent much time preparing for the conference and were tireless during it
meeting everyone’s needs. We all had a memorable time and have much
to thank them for.
Alison Locker 6/11/2001
REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
"The potential of chironomids for characterising urban and rural human
activities"
We are currently undertaking a Leverhulme funded project investigating
the palaeoenvironmental potential of chironomids in archaeological contexts.
Chironomids have been shown to be sensitive to changes in trophic status,
as well as effective indicators of levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) and
total phosphorus (TP) in freshwater bodies. We will be working on waterlogged,
reasonably organic rich sediments in both rural and urban contexts. If
anyone is currently excavating a site which is likely to yield such sediments
and wanted some analyses for chironomids undertaken, then there is a possibility
that this could be done as part of the project and we would be interested
to hear from you. Likewise if suitable samples have already been taken
and archived (kept dark, damp, cool or frozen) then please contact us.
Pete Langdon - email:
P.G.Langdon@ex.ac.uk - Telephone: 01392 264443
Tony Brown - email:
A.G.Brown@ex.ac.uk - Telephone: 01392 263331
PHD ABSTRACT .
Alison Locker has recently completed her Ph D thesis at the Dept of Archaeology,
University of Southampton.
‘The role of stored fish in England 900-1750 AD; the evidence
from historical and archaeological data. ‘
This thesis examines the historical and archaeological data for the consumption
of herring and the gadid fishes (primarily cod, haddock, whiting, ling
and hake) as stored fish cured by salting, drying and smoking.
The thesis is divided into three parts, in the first part the historical
evidence for developing fisheries, storage methods, marketing and consumption
is discussed with an evaluation of the nutritional changes to the fish
as a result of storage.
In part two factors affecting fish bone preservation and recovery are
presented and the authors own recording criteria. A new methodology is
introduced using the documented data for portions and rations from monasteries
and the forces, showing herring and the gadids by volume of fish eaten
compared with the number of bones counted. Distribution of body parts
as evidence for stored and fresh fish in the large gadids, hitherto only
used to show processing is adapted for application to the data sample
which largely represents consumption.
In part three the 20 sites comprising the data sample are described.
Portion and body part methods are applied to the herring and
gadid bones from these assemblages. In the majority of sites herring predominate
by number of bones, by portion cod becomes the primary fish in many cases.
Evidence for stored cod, ling and hake were found by body part distribution
in many assemblages.
The results of this study have shown that the archaeological data, when
expressed as a volume of fish, supports the historical evidence for cod
as the prime fish among these species, both as fresh and stored. Fish
assemblages transcribed into portion from bone numbers present fish as
a volume of food and often relegate herring, excessively favoured by bone
numbers, into a subsidiary position.
A limited number of copies are available in reduced size format as a paperback
14x21cms, 305 pp, b/w with 1 colour frontispiece.
Price 12.00 pounds + postage (or equivalent in French francs or US
dollars).
To order contact; Alison Locker, Appt 207, Chateau Perigord 1, 6 Lacets
St Leon, MC 98000, Monaco.
Email alocker@monaco.mc
Tel +377 9770 4337
Fax + 377 9770 4336
PUBLICATIONS
[ Books - Thesis - Chapters
- Articles ]
As always, we are very grateful to James Greig for the following information.
James writes: “Many thanks to Örni Akeret, Mark Beech, Richard
Carter, Petra Dark, Marianne Kohler-Schneider, Angela Monckton, W. van
Zeist for sending in references. All references would be very gratefully
received on greigjra@bham.ac.uk
”
BOOKS
R. Buxó and E. Pons (1999) Els productes alimentaris d'origen
vegetal a l'adat del ferro de l'Europe occidental: de la producció
al consum [Plant foods in Iron Age Europe, in Catalan]. (Sèrie
Monogràphica, Museu d'Arqueologa de Catalunya, Girona, 18) Museu
d'Arquelogia, Girona, 413 pp. price FF 240, E36.59
P.D.S. Caligari and P.E. Brandham (2001) Wheat taxonomy: the legacy
of John Percival. ( The Linnean, special issue 3) The Linnean
Society of London, London, 190 pp.
B.D. Cupere (2001) Animals at ancient Salagassos; evidence of the bone
remains. (SEMA (Studies in Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology), 4)
Brepols, Turnhout/B, 271 pp. ISBN 2 503 51062 0, 59.5 ? Euro; info www.brepols.net
D.F. Dineauze (2000) Environmental archaeology; principles and practice
. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 587 pp. ISBN 0 521 32568 4 hb;
£70 hb, £24.95 pb
V. Fiorato, A. Boylston and C. Knüsel (2000) Blood red roses:
the archaeology of a mass grave from the Battle of Towton, AD 1461.
Oxbow, Oxford, 277 pp. ISBN 1 84217 025 2; £30 hb
M. Frey and N. Hanel (2001) Archäologie - Naturwissenschafen -
Umwelt; Beiträge der Arbeitsgemeinschaft "Römische Archäologie"
. [Archaeology, natural sciences, environment; papers from the working
group on Roman archaeology...]. (BAR International Series, 929) BAR Archaeopress,
Oxford, ISBN 1 84171 223 X
A.T. Grove and O. Rackham (2001) The nature of Mediterranean Europe:
an ecological history, London, Yale, 384 pp. ISBN 0 300 08433 9; £45
hb
S. Howell-Meurs (2001) Early Bronze and Iron Age animal exploitation
in northeastern Anatolia; the faunal remains from Sos Höyük
and Büyüktepe Höyük. (BAR international series,
945) BAR Archaeopress, Oxford, ISBN 1 84171 237 X; £35
J. Peters, W.V. Neer and I. Plug (1997) Comparative postcranial osteology
of hartebeest, scimitar, oryx, and addax with notes on the osteometry
of gemsbok and Arabian oryx. ( Annales des Sciences Zoologiques,
280 ) Musée Royal de l'Afrique centrale, Tervuren/B, 83
pp. ISBN 2 87398 005 2
THESES M.J. Beech (2001) In
the Land of the Ichthyophagi: Modelling fish exploitation in the Arabian
Gulf and Gulf of Oman from the 5th millennium B.C. to the Late Islamic
period. Doctoral thesis, York University
R.J. Carter (2001) Human subsisence and seasonality in Mesolithic northwest
Europe, based on studies of mandibular bone and dentition in red deer
(Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) . Doctoral thesis,
University College, London
CHAPTERS R. Alvey and A. Monckton
(2000) Charred plant remains. In N. J. Cooper (ed.), The archaeology
of Rutland Water: excavations at Empingham and the Gwash valley, Rutland,
1967-73 and 1990 . ( Leicester Archaeology Monographs 6)
Leicester university, Leicester pp. 139-141.
P. Buckland (2000) The insect remains. In N. J. Cooper (ed.), The archaeology
of Rutland Water: excavations at Empingham and the Gwash valley, Rutland,
1967-73 and 1990. (Leicester Archaeology Monographs 6)
Leicester university, Leicester pp. 136-139.
M. Ciaraldi (2001) Food as a ritual object in ancient Italy. In D. Gheorghiu
(ed.), Material, virtual and temporal compositions: on the relationships
between objects. (BAR International Series 953) BAR Archaeopress,
Oxford pp. 75-81.
K. Dobney, M. Beech and D. Jaques (1999) Hunting the broad spectrum revolution:
the characterisation of early Neolithic animal exploitation at Qermez
Dere northern Mesopotamia. In J.C. Driver (ed.), Zooarchaeology of
the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary. (BAR International series 800)
BAR Archaeopress, Oxford pp. 47-57.
J.N. Haas and J.P. Hadorn (1998) Die Vegetations- und Kulturlandschaftgeschichte
des Seebachtals von der Mittelsteinzeit bis zum Frühmittelalter anhand
von Pollenanalysen [The history of vegetation and cultural landscape of
the Seebachtal from the middle iron age to the early medieval, by pollen
analysis]. In A. Hasenfratz and M. Schnyder (eds.), Das Seebachtal
- eine archäologisch und paläoökologische Bestandesaufnahme
. (Archäologie in Thurgau 4) Departement für Erziehung
und Kultur des Kantons Thurgau, Frauenfeld pp. 221-255.
A. Morrison (2000) The animal bone. In N. J. Cooper (ed.), The archaeology
of Rutland Water: excavations at Empingham and the Gwash valley, Rutland,
1967-73 and 1990. (Leicester Archaeology Monographs 6)
Leicester university, Leicester pp. 132-136.
K. Pasda and J. Weinstock (2001) Die Tierknochenfunde aus Calden [the
animal bone from Calden]. In D. Rätzel-Fabian (ed.), Das neolithische
Erdwerk Calden , Frankfurt.
P.J. Reynolds (1999) Crop yields of the prehistoric cereal types emmer
and spelt: the worst option. In P. C. Anderson (ed.), Prehistory of
agriculture . UCLA, Los Angeles pp. 267-274.
J. Schibler and H. Hüster-Plogmann (1995) Die neolithische Wildtierfauna
und ihr Aussagegehalt betreffend Umwelt und Umweltsveränderungen
[The Neolithic wild animal fauna and its evidence of environment and environmental
changes]. In W. E. Stöckli, U. Niffeler and E. Gross-Klee (eds.),
SPM II: Neolithikum. Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Ur-
und Frühgeschichte, Basel pp. 76-83.
ARTICLES
Ö. Akeret and P. Rentzel (2001) Micromorphology and plant macrofossil
analysis of cattle dung from the Neolithic lake shore settlement of Arbon
Bleiche 3. Geoarchaeology 16(6) : 687-700
T. Anderson (2001) An example of unhealed osteochondritis dissecans of
the medial cuneiform. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology
11(5): 381-384
M. Beech (1999a) Dalma archaeological site yields Arabia's oldest date
stones. Tribulus (Journal of the Emirates Natural History Group)
9(1) : 18
M. Beech (1999b) Srbec: the animal bones. Památky Archeologické
90: 57-63
M. Beech and H. Kallweit (2001) A note of the archaeological and environmental
remains from site JH-57, a 4th-5th millennium BC shell midden in Jazirat
al-Hamra, Ra's al-Khaimah. Tribulus (Journal of the Emirates Natural
History Group) 11(1): 17-20
M. Beech and E. Shepherd (2001) Archaeobotanical evidence for early date
consumption on Daima island, United Arab Emirates. Antiquity
75 : 83-89
A. Bieniek and M. Lytinska-Zajac (2001) New finds of Malus sylvestris
Mill. (wild apple) from Neolithic sites in Poland. Vegetation History
and Archaeobotany 10(2): 105-106
S. Blau (2001) Limited yet informative: pathological alterations observed
on human skeletal remains from 3rd and 2nd millennia bc collective burials
in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology
11(3) : 173-205
S. Blau and M. Beech (1999) One woman and her dog: an Umm an-Nar example
from the United Arab Emirates. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy
10 : 34-42
R. Bonnichsen, L. Hodges, W. Ream, et al. (2001) Methods for the study
of ancient hair: radiocarbon dates and gene sequences from individual
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